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thumb Johanna Mestorf (17 April 1828, Bad Bramstedt, Duchy of Holstein - 20 July 1909, Kiel) was a German prehistoric archaeologist, the first female museum director in the Kingdom of Prussia and usually said to be the first female professor in Germany. ==Life and career== Johanna was the youngest of four surviving children of the physician and antiquarian Jacob Heinrich Mestorf and his wife Sophia Katharina Georgine, ''née'' Körner.〔Eva-Maria Mertens, "Johanna Mestorf - Lebensdaten", in Julia K. Koch and Eva-Maria Mertens, eds, ''Eine Dame zwischen 500 Herren. Johanna Mestorf – Werk und Wirkung'', Frauen - Forschung - Archäologie 4, Münster: Waxmann, 2002, ISBN 3-8309-1066-5, pp. 31-35, (p. 32 ) Nine children were born: three died at birth, two in infancy.〕 When he died in 1837, she moved with her mother to Itzehoe, where she attended the Blöcker Institute upper school for girls. In 1849 she went to Sweden as a governess to the family of Count Piper at Ängsö Castle, and there also studied Scandinavian languages.〔Kerstin Nees, (Johanna Mestorf ), Famous scholars from Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel〕 In 1853 she returned to Germany, and during the next few years travelled to France and Italy several times as the companion of an Italian countess who was related to the Piper family.〔 Beginning in 1859, she lived with her brother Harro in Hamburg, where in 1867 she took a position as a secretary for foreign correspondence.〔〔Christa Geckeler, (Kieler Erinnerungstage: 17. April 1899: Johanna Mestorf zur ersten Professorin der Kieler Universität ernannt ) Kiel City Archive 〕 While working, she became a well educated self-taught archaeologist. Beginning in 1863, Mestorf translated important Scandinavian archaeological works into German; these translations had a significant impact on the development of the field in Germany, particularly in establishing the Three-age system and typological study of artifacts.〔Margarita Díaz-Andreu García; Marie Louise Stig Sørensen, ''Excavating Women: A History of Women in European Archaeology'', London/New York: Routledge, 1998, ISBN 0-415-15760-9, (pp. 10 ), ( 11 ).〕 She also began in the 1860s to write literature and articles and essays on ethnography and archaeology, and to give lectures on Norse mythology.〔 She attended the anthropological congress in Copenhagen in 1869, and represented the city state of Hamburg at those in Bologna (1871), Stockholm (1874) and Budapest (1876).〔Gerda Pfeifer, ("Johanna Mestorf" ), ''Heimatkundliches Jahrbuch für den Kreis Segeberg'' 1970, pp. 166 ff., at alt-bramstedt.de 〕 She wrote reports on each of these congresses. In 1868 she was given an honorary post at the Kiel Museum; in 1873 this was merged into the Museum of Antiquities of the Fatherland (''Museum vaterländischer Alterthümer''), the forerunner of the Schleswig-Holstein State Archaeological Museum at Gottorp Castle and of the Institute for Prehistory and Ancient History at the University of Kiel, at the same time becoming part of the university, and she became its first custodian. In 1891 she succeeded the director,〔Folke Ström, "Bog Corpses and ''Germania'', Ch. 12", ''Words and Objects: Towards a Dialogue Between Archaeology and History of Religion'', Ed. Gro Steinsland, Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, Oslo, Serie B: Skrifter LXXI, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1986, ISBN 82-00-07751-9, pp. 223-39, p. 223.〕 becoming the first female museum director in Germany.〔 She was also responsible for the core of the museum's collections in prehistory and ancient history,〔 beginning with her gift of her father's collection.〔 In 1899, in honour of her 71st birthday and in recognition of her scholarship, the Prussian Ministry of Culture made her an honorary professor.〔Mestorf always celebrated her birth as if she had been born in 1829 rather than 1828; for discussion, see Dagmar Unverhau, "Johanna Mestorf - Lebensabschnitte statt einer Biographie: Frühe Jahre und der Weg nach Kiel als Kustodin am Museum vaterländischer Alterthümer" in Koch and Mertens, pp. 103-46, especially (pp. 115-16 ) 〕〔Unverhau, (p. 105 ); the title did not require her to lecture.〕 She is usually regarded as the first woman to receive that title in Germany;〔Mary R.S. and Thomas M. Creese, ''Ladies in the Laboratory'' Volume 2 ''West European Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research'', Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow, 2004, ISBN 0-8108-4979-8, (p. 152 ).〕〔Ström, p. 224.〕〔Andrew Zimmerman, ''Anthropology and Antihumanism in Imperial Germany'', University of Chicago, 2001, ISBN 0-226-98341-2, (p. 129 ).〕〔Constantin Goschler, ''Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit in Berlin, 1870-1930'', Stuttgart: Steiner, 2000, ISBN 3-515-07778-2, (p. 46 ) 〕 however, according to the University of Kiel, the first was "a naturalist from the Baltic".〔 She retired on 1 April 1909. On 17 April, her 81st birthday, she received an honorary doctorate in medicine from the university.〔 She had been denied the same honour by the Philosophical Faculty in 1899 because of disagreement on the issue.〔〔Unverhau, (p. 111 ).〕 Mestorf was one of a group of women denied permission to attend lectures on Goethe at the University of Kiel in 1884/85 because the professor refused to grant it.〔〔 But in her field she was so respected that Rudolf Virchow and others considered her assistance indispensable for an anthropological exhibition in Berlin in 1880 and persuaded the Ministry of Culture to grant her leave for the purpose.〔 Her research focussed on the prehistory of Schleswig-Holstein. She coined the terms Single Grave culture (''Einzelgrabkultur'') for the North German and South Scandinavian region of the Corded Ware culture,〔Detlef Schünemann, "Bemerkungen zu Funden der nordwestdeutschen Einzelgrabkultur", ''Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte'' 64 (1981) (p. 89 ) 〕〔Hilthart Pedersen, ''Die Einzelgrabkultur in Schleswig-Holstein und dem überregionalen Umfeld: Probleme und Perspektiven'', Studienarbeit, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel (Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte), 2005, GRIN Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-640-12777-1, (p. 1 ) 〕〔Jan Albert Bakker, ''The Dutch Hunebedden: Megalithic Tombs of the Funnel Beaker Culture'', Archaeological Series 2, Ann Arbor, Michigan: International Monographs in Prehistory, 1992, ISBN 1-879621-02-9, (p. 3 ).〕 ''Prachtmantel'' for the characteristic decorative Germanic rectangular cloak, similar to the Roman sagum,〔Walter von Stokar, ''Spinnen und Weben bei den Germanen: eine vorgeschichtlich-naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchung'', Mannus-Bibliothek 59, Leipzig: Kabitzsch, 1938, OCLC 215315845, (p. 88 ) 〕〔Karl Schlabow, ''Der Thorsberger Prachtmantel: Schlüssel zum altgermanischen Webstuhl'', 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Johanna Mestorf」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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